Pneumatic pump



Dec. 15 1925- 1,565,885

B. s. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMP Il ll L 33 Deco B. S. AIKMAN FNEUMATIC PUMPFiled Sept. 10, 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 amig.

DecN 15, 1925.` 1,565,585

B. S. IKMAN PNEUMATI C PUMP Dec. 1s, 1925- B. S. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMPFiled sepc 1o, 1921 9 sheets-sheet s B. S. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMP B s.AIKMAN PNEUHATIC PUMP Filed Sept. 10, 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 fw l1 i l{diff/65565,' I @fmeiz W' Dec. 15, 1925. 1,555,885

B, s. AIKMAN PNEUMATIG PUMP Filed sept. 1o, 1921 9 Sheets-sheet @1%@5595X @fmt/57273# Dee. 15,1925. 1,565.885 A B. S. AlKMAN PNEUMAT I C PUMPFiled sept. 1o, 1921A 9 sheets-sheet s f1/595,565 E, L y a. Iv. w, @fatPatented Dec. 15, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFEIcE.

BURTON S. AIKMAN, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL BRAKEELECTRIC COMPANY, VF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCON- SIN.

PNEUMATIC PUMP.

Application filed September clear, concise, and exact description,reference being had to the accompanying drawing/, forming a part of thisspecification.

' invention relates to pneumatic pumps.v

The present invention relates to the same general subject matter as myprior application, Serial No. 50941 and my prior patents particular NOS.1,55c,5s4,1,s59,945, 1,357,671

and reissue No. 14,946 upon which the present construction is animprovement.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a. )neumatic ump of thegreatest possible reliability and certainty of opera.- tion. Reliabilityisthe fundamental requirement and it must be secured because anunfailing water supplyv is an essential requirement 'for animal andhuman existence. There reliance is placed upon a pneumatic pump forsupplying water to the farmer and iis stock, it is generally donebecause of the` superior quality of the water so furnished, namely,fresh from the well as it is called for. But this fresh from the wellcharacter of the system is an unmixed blessing only if the system isdependable and operates invariably upon demand. Since the water is drawnfrom the well only as it is used there is no storage or reserve. Hence,failure of the pump is felt immediately and keenly.

In producing the pump of the present invention I have followed air brakepractice as far as possible since this art of air. brakes has beendeveloped to a point of almost unbelieveable reliability. Simplicity isof course desirable since it tends to greater reliability and lowercost.

In the present pump I believe Ihave developed a simpler and more ruggedpump than any now on the market. I have avoided mechanical connectionsand mechanical operating parts wherever possible and have depended. uponneumatic elements of proven type and character because'I Vfind thatgreater @liability results from .the use 10, 1921- Serial No. 499,816.

of fluid pressure transmission than mechanical transmission. I havelargely dispensed with springs. The parts have been so designed andarranged asto minimize the evil effects of sand, dirt, grit or otherimpurities in the water. Due to the pneumatic transmission instead ofmechanical transmission, the controlling valves of the pump'may beplaced at the head of the well or at the pump as desired.

The valve mechanism and head of the pump present certain novel featuresin themselves.

The float which I employ as a controlling member for unbalancingpressures for the several valve members is of a novel character as willbe more apparent from the following description There are other novelfeatures to which attention will be called in the followingspecification and claims:

In order to tea-ch those skilled in the art with the manner ofconstructing and operating my invention, I shall now describe inconnection with the accompanying drawings certain embodiments of theinvention.

In the accompanying drawing-s:

Figure l is a vertical axial section of the head and upperk end of thebarrel of a pump embodying my invention;

Figure 2 is a similar view of the foot casting and the lower end of thebarrel of the pump shown in Figure l;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the pump;

Figuret 4 is a horizontal section of the head taken on the line 4--4 ofFigure l;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the head taken on line5-5 of Figure S;

Figure 6 is a. side elevation as viewed from theright of Figure l;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary section of the head showing the position ofthe exhaust port and the exhaust valve 10;

Figure 8 is'a horizontal section through the head taken on line 8 8 ofFigure 1;

Figure 9yis a rear elevation of the head casting showing the seat forthe diaphragm Figure l()v is a left side elevation of the head casting;

Figure 1,0a is a fragmentary Section of a,

moditied form of water discharge outlet showing the use of a built incheck valve;

Figure 11 is a face view of the cap;

Figure 12 is a section Ythrough the cap taken on the line 12-12 ofFigure 11;

Figure 13 is a section taken on the line 153-13 of Figure 11; and

Figure 14 is a plan view of the diaphragm for operating the main valvemechanism.

The above figures all relate to a modified form of construction in Whichthe relief or low level control valve is mounted in the bottompart ofthe pumping chamber. The following figures, to-Wit, Figures 15 to 19,inclusive, show, the preferred form of construction in which the reliefor control valve is placed in the head of the pump;

Figure 15` is an elevational view partly in sections of a modified formof pump having the relief valvev mounted in the head. This view showsonly the upper portion of the pump;

Figure16 shows a longitudinal section of the lower part ofthe pump shownin Figure 15;

`Figure 17 is afragmentary section taken `on the line 17--17 of Figure15;

i F ignre 18 isa front elevationalviewof the head of thepump; and

Figure 19 is a horizontal sect-ion taken through the relief valve ontheline 19-19 ofjFigures 15 and 18.

Figures 2O to 29, inclusive relate to. a second modification;

Figures 20land 21 show in longitudinal vertical ,section,.a 4modifiedform of pump en'iploying a piston for separating the air and'water and'for operating the relief valve which is placcdpin the'foot casting;

Figure I22 isa vertical section of the, head taken on line22--22of-:Figure 20;

Figure 28 is a transverse Section of the lpun'iptaken on theline 234-23of Figure 21;

Figure 24 is a similar section taken on the line 24-24 of Figure 21;

Figure 25 is a plan view of the head casting of the pump shown in Figure20;

Figure 26 is ahorizontal section of the head casting taken`on the line26-26 of Figure 20;

Figure 27 is a right side elevation of the head casting shown in Figure25;

VFigure. 28 is a fragmentary section ot' the head taken on the line28-28 of vFigure 25; Figure 29 is a horizontal section similar to Figure26 taken on the line 29-29 of Figures 20 and 27; and

Figure 30 is a diagrammatic layout of a system employing a pumpembodying my invention.

Referring now Ato Figure 8O it will be seen that I haveherein indicatedin diagrammatic form a system embodying -myin'vention, The ypumpl4 'is.submerged in the mined maximum.

water of the well 2, this pump having three connections thereto, namely,the water discharge pipe 3, the air supply pipe 4 and the exhaustconnection 5. `The water discharge pipe 3 contains a check valve 6 whichcheck valve may be mounted in the head oil the pump if desired, as willbe explained in detail later. VThe discharge pipe 3 leads to an airchamber which is known as a steady flow chamber 7 of a constructionshown in my copending application, Serial No. 456,842 tiled March 80,1921. This steady flow chamber preferably embodies a second check valvefor maintaining the pressure of an air bubble or cushion in ythevchamber 7. F rom thence, the discharge pipe 3 leads to the distributingpipes 8 and 9, the pipe 8 ,leading to a faucet 10 in connection with thewater or plumbing system of a house or the like. The distributing pipe 9leads to a water connection controlled by a cock of.' valve12 such asmay be suitable for watering stock, sprinkling purposes or whatever elseis deemed desirable. The pump 1 is operated from the compressed airstored in the reservoir 13, this reservoir being periodically chargedwith air under pressure from the compressor 14, which compressor isdriven by the electric motor 15 or other suitable source of motivepower.

The electric motor is controlled by a suitable controller 16 Whichserves also as a shutoff valve in the delivery pipe 17 between thecompressor and the storage tank or reservoir 1,3. The particularconstruction of this controller 16 is shown in my co-pending applicationSerial No. 456,843, filed March 30, 1921, and it operates to cut in thecompressor when the pressure in the main reservoir 13 drops toI apredetermined minimum and serves to cut off the compressor when thepressure in said reservoir rises to a predeter- The delivery pipe. forcompressed air from the Atank 13 passes through va control valve 18which control valve has a connection 19 running therefrom back to thecontroller 16. This control valve 18 operates normally as a reducingvalve for reducing the pressure on the pump 1, but it is manuallyoperable toimpose the full pressure of the reservoir 13 upon the pump lfor lire purposes, or it may be employed lo start the compressor 14 inorder to raise the pressure in the tank 13 for the purpose of pumping upautomobile tires and the like by way of pipe 20. This particular controlvalve and its function is explained in my copending application, SerialNo. 493,566 tiled Aug. 19, 1921, now Patent No. 1,462,842.

One embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 14, inclusive.This pump comprises the head member 21 and the foot member 22betweenwhieh head and foot members a piece of tubing, preferably brassor bronze and con which has the double valve tubing yis connected. Thehead member tension elements including the water discharge pipe 24, thecontrol valve casing 25, and the hollow stud member 26 with the nut 27upon the lower end thereof. Thesevmembers which `are placed in tensionthrust the head and toot ymembers towards each other upon the ends otthe tube 23 thereby compressing the `gaskets 28 and 29 to form a 2 tighttit.

The foot member 22 Vhas an inlet check valve 39 seating upon a pairoitpannular seats and 32 for closing off the annular water space 33which communicates with thewa-ter y in the well through a screen 34which -is held in place by the nut 2T. The nut 27 is adapted to 'form awater tight connection with the sleeve 35 which, at its upper end, formsthe' :umular valveseat y32. The valve ,30 is of relatively large area.and has a small hit, thereby reducing the pounding of this valve whenthe pressure is applied ior expelling the water from the pump. rlhereby,the

wear on this valve is materially decreased.l The water discharge pipe 24is threaded at lowe end into the control valve casing 25 unicates`\,riththe lower end ot the through the annular vport 3G Si' surroundpu um ehamber seat ing the same. c

'lhe hou ng contains vater chamber 21S which is closeout its lower endby the flexible diaphragm 39, this diairihragm bein g clamped at itsedges between the two circular blocks 49 andv 41., The circular' blocks40 and41 are set in a` counterbore in the lower rnfl et the castingforming thehousing 25 and the blocks and 41 are relieved to form a cularchannel extending completely around the adjacent end of these blocks.The block 49 has a. series of valve ports, three in `mimber preferably,one vot" these valve ports being shown at 4?) communicating with apassageway 44 which vin turn connects with f the annular passageway 42.The lower block 4l is threaded into the lower end of the housing memberto clamp the diaphragm 239 iirmly, and this block has a number oit'radial arms running to a central hub 45, this hub being bored out andthrxaded to rereive the upper rnd oi the hollow stud 2G. A passageway 46is drilled through the interior ot the hollow hub and connects thepassageway 42 with. the passageway 47 running through the hollow stud26. It will be noted that the passageway 47 extends through the stud tothe outside of the pump, that is, into the well.

The diaphragm is clamped between two plates or heads which stem isconnected at its upper end to a valve 51 having a yielding face 52adapted to cooperate with the three relief ports 43 previouslyexplained. The stem 50 extends 455 and 49 by the stem 50,`

yways 44. Thus, the pressure prevailing in the chamber 38 has freeaccess to theupper side `of the diaphragm 89 and the pressure within thepump chamber has 'free access to the lower side of the diaphragm 39. Ifind that the valve 51 closes automatically because of the weightthereof and the weight of the diaphragm, but I mayY employ a spring setin the recess in the hub member 58. The internal pressure also tends tohold the valve 51 against the valve ports 48 until the diaphragm 39 isforced upwardly to open the valve 51 whereby the pressure in the chamber38 is discharged into the well.

The valve port 36 through which the water vis discharged trom the pumpchamber into the discharge pipe 24 is adapted to be controlled by afloat member 55. The construction of this float member is novelinitself. It comprises a central cork body or" hollow cylindrical formprotected by rubber walls 58 completely enclosing the same. Flat rubberdiscs 59 and 60 are connected by relatively thin necks 61 and 62 to themain body of the float to render these rubber faces or valve membersrelatively flexible and yielding in order to cooperate properly with thecorresponding valve seats. Hard rubber guides in the shape of shortcylindrical sleeves 63 and 64 are vulcanized on the -inside of the boreof the tloat and they serve to guide the float upon the pipe 24.

'adapted to close oli completely the port 3G even though the same beslightly irregular or not exactly at right angles to the tace ot Vthevalve member 60.

A ring of soft rubber is placed at in a corresponding position withrespect to the valve member 59. This rubber ring is employed to providea yielding .backing tor the valve disc 59. The upper valve ring or disc59 cooperates w'th a similar annular valve port (57 having the doublevalve seat GS iormed at the lower side of the head member 21.

The head member 21 is provided with. suitable pipe connections tor thepipes El, 4 and 5, the water discharge pipe El being threaded into asuitable socket 88 and communicating by way of a diagonal passageway S9with the upper end ot the water discharge pipe 24. As previouslyexplained, a check valve may be mounted in the head as shown in Figure10a in this case the socket SS `tor receiving the pipe 3 has the ballcheck valve,

lying limmediately below the same, this valve cooperating with a valveseat 91which `has a small leakaOe assae'ewa l92 cut in vmay be omitted,but I prefer to apply the same in 'order to insure reversal v'of thepump. lThe head of the pump also provides a threaded socket 93 to whichis connected the exhaust pipe 5. The exhaust pipe 5 communicatesthroughthe head of the pump with a relativelyrestricted passageway 94 lyingimmediately above the annular valve port 95 which valve port is providedwith the two surrounding annularl valve seats 96 and 97. The valve port95 is controlled by the exhaust valve 98 which yhas a vyielding face 99for cooperating with saidiseats 96 and 97. The valve port 95 opens intoa chamber 100 in which the exhaust valve is mounted, the chamber beingclosed off on one side by the flexible diaphragm 101, the diaphragmbeing clamped betweenthe back of the exhaust valve 98 yand a followerplate 102 by means of the valve stem 103, which stem is guided in aclosely itting bore formed through the headvmember 21 f and which stemcarries at its opposite.v end the admission valve member 105 to Acontrolthe admission of motive fluid to the pump chamber as will be describedmore in detail later.

A pressure chamber 106 is formed within a cap member 107 on the outerside of the diaphragm 101, this chamber 106 communicates with apassageway 108-109 which is drilled through the boss 110 on the capmember 107. (See Figures 11 and 12). The passageway 109 communicatesthrough the wall of the head with the waterpassageway 89 communicatingwith the `water discharge pipe of the pump. In other words, vthediaphragm 101 is subjected on the left side, as viewed in Figures 1 and5,- to the pressure of the water in the water discharge pipe t andpassageway-89, while the diaphragm is subjected on the right hand` sidein the chamber 100 to the pressure of the working fluid prevailing inthe top of a pump chamber. The pressure chamber 100 in which the exhaustvalve 98 is mounted communicates with the upper end of the pump chamberthrough the passageway 111 and the annular valve port 67.

A small leakage passageway 112 may be drilled through the side walls ofthe outer valve seat 68 to permit the float to leave the valve seat morereadily if desired. This leakage port is optional.

rlhe air supply pipe 4 as shown on Figure 30 is threaded into the socket113 and communicates by -way of a passageway 114 with a. chamber 115`l'ormedin the head of the pump. The chamber 'l1-5 is `closed .at itsouter end by the screw 110 which plugs the uopening .formed during themachining operation of the head. VThe admission valve l05seatsupon avalve seat 117 which separates the chamber 115 from the port 118.

.The port118 communicates with the top of theV pumping chamber.

rJfhe valve seat 117 -is provided with a score 117 shown in exaggeratedform in Figs.

1, 5,;17-and 20` to permita certain amount=I of air to leak past whenthe valve 105 is closed. Instead of this'arrangement a small hole may bedrilled through from the chamber. 115 to the .passageway 118. :Thepurpose of the score 117" is to permit a small amount of air to fflowpastlthe air admission valve .to insure reversal when the water hasfilled the pump chamber. The score on the valve vscat; is preferablesince it is self cleaning at each operation of the valve.

The operation of this form of my invention is asffollows: Assuming thatthe pump is properly supplied with compresed air and .assuming that thepump is submerged in liquid sufliclent to till the same continuously,

let it be lassumed that the exhaust valve has justbeen opened and theadmission valve closed, and that the inlet valve 30 will now open torell the pumping chamber. The

inlet check valve 30 may be provided with' a relatively flexible springto normally hold the same closed, but as I have shown the pump such -aspring is not essential. The check valve 30 opens and the submergencepressure of the water in the well forces the water up around the annularpassageway 120 around the control valve body 25 raising `the float. Asthe level of the water rises to a point where the float engages theannular valve seat G8 `.about the port 67, the sudden closing of thisport shuts off further dis- `charge of air from vthe pumping chamber`and the inrushing water both due to the submergence pressure and to theinertia of movement creates a pressure in the pumping chamber Vwhich istransmitted.through the ports 36 through the control valve chamber 38thereby insuring first the closing oi the relief valve 51 and tending toincrease the pressure on the left side of the diaphragm 101to close theexhaust valve and open the admission valve. That is to say, the reversalof the valves may be accomplished solely by this submergence pressure. Ihave provided, however, for reversal of the valves independently of thesubmergence pressure, and this comprises the leakage passageway on thevalve seat 117. then the float 5G rises it closes oft' the port 67 sothat no further exhaust air can escape by way or' the exhaust valve.vThe air which then leaks past the admission valve 105 tends to create apressure upon the top of the water in the pump chamber, which pressurekis transl.inttfxlY to Athe diaphragm ,101, on the/.Side .o

llt)

the lchamber 106, 'The area of the dia- )hradiu 101 as com iaredwithethe area oi'.-

thevalve 105 is such that the valve 105 is quickly started from .itsseat opening the saine and closing the exhaust valve 98. The pressure ofthe live air on top of the water begins tojfo'i'ce the water downthrough the passageway 36 out the di charge pipe 24, the passageway S9and through the water discharge pipe During this discharge, the pressureof water above and below'the diaphragm 39 is substantially equal so thatthere is no tendency for the diaphragm to operate the valve 51. However,the valve 51 is held to seat with the pressure of the water because thevalve ports 43 open to thel outside and' thus the pressure of the liquidon the inside tends to hold the valve 51 closed. As soon as the leveldescends to a point where the valve member 60 on the lower part ofthefloat 55 closes off the port 36 a different pressure will immediately becreated. The rise of pressure of the motive fluid in the pump chamberoperates upon the lower side of the diaphragm 39 and forces the controlvalve 51 upwardly opening the port 43 and permitting relief of thepressure iu the chamber 38. By the opening of the valve 51 a certainpart of the liquid from thechaiiiber 38`to escapes through the port 43,passageways 44, 42, 46, 47 to the exterior of the pump into the well sothat the pressure within the discharge pipe 24 and the chamber 38 dropsto substantially zero or to subinergence pressure. This drop of pressureis transmitted through the port 109 to the diaphragm chamber 106 on thelefthand side of the diaphragm 101. Since the pressure of the motivefluid within the pump has access to the right lside of the diaphragm 101by way lof the port 67, passageway 111, chamber 100, the drop inpressurein the chamber 106 is followed by an immediate movement of thediaphragm 101 io the left thereby opening the exhaust valve 98 andclosing the admission valve 105 with a quick snap movement. The openingof the exhaust. valve 98 is accompanied by an immediate drop in pressureof the motive fluid in the pump chamber. The discharge exhaustpassageway 94 may be slight-k ly restricted iii order toinsure that thediaphragm 101 will attain a slight pressure while the level of water isrising to fill the Naturally, as soon as the pressurepump. of motiveiiuid in the pumping chamber drops below sul'imergence pressure, thewater enters by way of the check valve 30, raises the float 55 from thevalve port 36 and moving the float upwardly until the upper valve member59 attached to the float 55 closes 0h:1 the valve seat 68. During thetime offilling'` the pump chamber the leak on the seat 1 17 merelyby-passes a small amount of live air. This goes out the exhaust passage111 to atmosphere. 4The pressure of the motive fluid upon the valve 105tends to hold it in closed position.l As soon, however, as the valvemember 59 oii the fioat 55 closes the port 67 and exhaustoutletpassageway 111, such leakage of live aii is prevented from goingout the exhaust passageway and operates substantially to create a smallpressure upon the liquid trapped inthe pumping chamber. This pressure istransmitted through the discharge pipe 24, through the passageway 109,through the diaphragm chamber 106 closing the exhaust valve 98. As aresult, the diaphragm 101 is moved to the right as shown in Figure 1closing the exhaust valve aiid'opening the admission valve. This ad--inits live air freely to the top of the water in the chamber and beginsto drive the .same out continuously. y

The small passageway 112 is provided to fill `the passageway 111 and thechamber 100 with air so that the pressure upon opposite sides of thevalve member 59 may equalize to let the iioat drop freely with the levelof the water after the pressure of the motive fluid is freely applied tothe top of the'wa'ter.

'As previously pointed out, there is a teii den'cy for the subinergencepressure to close the exhaust valve and open the check valve and wherea. submergence of a fair amount is assured, this would invariably beSuliCient toreverse'the main valve. The relatively narrow annularpassageway 120 between the body 25 and the side walls of the pumpserve'to retard the downward movement of the water to prevent theviolent pounding of the intake check valve 30 upon its seat.

`There is a further tendency of the air admitted `by the leakage pastthe admission valve to cushion the application of the motive fluid atleast to the extent of having the intake valve 30 closed before live airis freely admitted to the top of the pumping chamber. y

' I now wish to call attention to the fact that in this pump not asingle spring is einployed and yet the pump is positively operative forevery condition to which a faucet controlled pneumatic pump may besubjected. If water is withdrawn slowly, there is no danger of ablow-over since the seating of the valve member 60 attached to the float55 .upon the valve seat 37 of the passageway 36 secures a positivedifferential of pressure between the air pressure and the water pressureand thereby secures operation of the main diaphragm 101 for shifting themain valves. y

It will further beobserved that I have followed air brake practice andthat every valve or control operation is secured through pressuredifferences and fluid transmission with as little mechanicalconnectionas is possible. First of all.l the admission valve lll.'

ences inpressure on opposite sides ofa working diaphragm or piston.. Thevcontrol or relierl valve 51 operatesinthe samemanner. In each instance,after the preponderance ot' pressurenstarts in a .given direction, suchstart invariably increases the pressure dilerences so that an actiononce initiated invariably goes to the final state.

In expelling the water the dropping `of the float 55 upon the valve seatlirst initiates a reduction of pressure on the upper side ofthediaphragm 39. This opens the valve andncreases the reduction inpressure. The reduction in pressure of the water in the dis.- chargepipe 24 causes a reduction in pressure upon the balanced diaphragmmember 101- so that ithel air pressure starts to move the diaphragmover. In doing so it opens the exhaust valve thereby further calling inthe aid ot. the admissionvalve 105 whichis held to its seat by pressure.

Vhen the float withits connected valve .-59.k seats against thevalveseat 68 duringthe lillingstroke, the pressure on the right side etthe diaphragm 101 isI decreased,and the pressure onthe left side ofthesame is.in creased. whereupon the:v main. valve is snapped acrossinthe opposite direction.v

I shall now describefthe preferred form of the pumpillustrated inFigures to 195i inclusive.

In the embodiment of Figures 15 to. 19, in`

elusive, -I have placed the controllingvalve which I sometimes term theAreliefvalve, in the head.since the operation of the diaphragm for thisvalve is operated by uid pressure. The principle of operation -issubstantially identical with=that of the embodiment shown ir; Figures 1to 14, inclusive. The `head member 121 has a threaded socket 122 forconnection with the live air pipe, a threaded socket123 forconnectionwith the exhaust pipe 5, and a threaded socket 124.forcounectiou with the water deliveryppipe 3.

Si, controllingl {ioat 55 of substantially iden-v tical constructionwith the one previously described is-employed in this type of pump.'Iheoot' member 125 is of substantially the same design and constructionasV the foot member ot' thepreviously described pump and it employs asimilar inlet check valve guided on the stud 126. The pumping che.

..eer is 't'oi'lned on the inside of the length discharge pipe 24. Acircular valve seats 132 whlch are adapted of seamless tubing 23 and itis held against the gaskets 2S and 29 'by the water discharge pipe whichthreads atV its upper end into the cap threads on the lower end of thestud 126 v and presses against the sleeve formed integral ywith the footcasting 125. A screen 34 is heldover the inlet opening.

The waterfdischarge box 127 has three valve ports 130 all of whichdischarge into the common-central chamber 131 whichcommunicates with thelower end oi' the water These valve ports have to be closed otlsimultaneously by the valve member mounted upon the iioat 55. I havefound 'that in practice three separate valveseats of this character arepreferable to the complete annular seat `because of the better sealingwhich is secured between the. lowerend oflthe float andl such separateVvalve seats. These valve seats are three in number and therefore areeasily covered by the valve vmember 60. The headmember 121 has on itslower surface the annular port 133 provided with the circular valveseats 1344-135, this valve port being adapted to be closedotf bythe valve member 59`at the top/of the float 55 whenthe water has lilled thepump chamber.

The relief or controlling valve structure 136 is mounted in the head ofthe pumpas previously indicated in a position where itA is substantiallyfree of all. diliculties which might be .caused by sand or impuritiesyin the water. This structure comprises an operating stem 137 which issplayed or squared as indicated in Figures 15 and 19 to provideanadditional passageway through the guide member 138 'for relievingthepressure in the water. discharge pipe 24 and connected passageways aswillbe described later. An operating piston formed by the diaphragm 139and the clamping` heads 140 and 141 is connected to the righthand end ofthe stem 137 as indicated in Figure 15. The other end of the stem hasconnected thereto the relief or controlling valve 142, which relietl orcontrolling valve has a yielding face 143 for cooperation with thedouble valve seat 144 that controls the annular relief passageway orport 145. A helical spring 146 tends to move the diaphragm 139 to theright iu Figure 15 for closing the relief valve 142. The relief valve142 is mounted in a chamber 147 formed vpartly by a recess in the headcasting and. partly by a recess in thecap member 148, and this chamberisv always in communication with the water discharge pipe 24 by way ofthe passageway 149. The diaphragm member 139 which 'is connected to thevalve stem 13'(- for operating the valve 142 is clamped between acap'member 150 and the adjacent vportion of the head member. The cap'contains a recess' or cylinder 151 which communicates by way of thepassageway 152-153 withthe valve port 133 controlled by the float 55. Itwill be seen that the diaphragm chamber 151 is adapted to be incommmiication withthe pump chamber and vto receive the pressure ofthemotive fluid during the discharge stroke of the pump. The Opposite faceof the diaphragm 139 is subjected to the pressure prevailing in thewater discharge pipe and in the water discharge passageway leesince this'diaphragni Yforms a wall across an opening 155 coinnumicating with saidwater passageway 151. The water discharge passageway 1511 is controlledby a ball check valve 156, which ball check valve may also be providedwith a leak as previously explained in connection withY the priorembodiment.

The annular valve porti145 of the relief valve communicates by way of adrilled passageway 157 and a cooperating passageway 158 with the exhaustconnection 123. This exhaust connectionhas a relatively restrictedexhaust passageway 159 which leads to an annular exhaust port 160 havingthe double seat 161 cont-rolled by an exhaust valve 162 having ayielding face 163 and secured to a flexible diaphragm 164`by means ofthe valve stem 166 and the follower plate 165. The exhaust valve 162lies in a recess in the head casting 167, which recess is covered by thediaphragm 164.

The valve chamber 167 communicates by way of the Vexhaust passageway 170with the interior of the pump through the port 103 which is surroundedby the double circula-r valve seat 134-435. The diaphragm chamber 169which is formed in cap 168 communicates bv way of adrilled passageway171 172 with the water passageway 154 below the check valve 156.

The air connection 122 communicates by way of a short passageway 175with a chamber 176 the outer end of which is closed by the screw plug177, this chamber being formed to receive the admission valve 178 whichis mounted yon the outer end of the valve stem 166. The valve stem 166having the valve 178 integral therewith fits in a closely fitting borethrough the head-wasting and connects with the exhaust valve 162 anddiaphragm 164 previously referred to. The seat 17 9 of the admissionvalve 178 may contain a scratch or groove to permit a leakage of air ifdesired in order to insure reversal. The valve port 179 communicateswith an admission Vpassageway 180 leading to the top of the pumpchamber.

It will be noted that I have provided a conical spring 181'0r theadmission valve 3() and have yprovided a spring 146 for the controlvalve 142, but these springs may be omitted. In fact, I have operatedthe device without these springs with entire satisfaction.

The operation of this term of tne pump is as follows:

Assuming that the discharge sti-olie has just been complet-ed and thatthe relietl valve 142 has just been opened causing a reduction ofpressure in the diaphragm chamber 169 and causing opening of the exhaustvalve, the admision valve is closed and the compressed air within thepump escapes through the restricted exhaust passageway 159 holding theexhaust valve open during such discharge and the check valve 30 beingopened to permit the 'water level to rise within the pump chamber. levelrises in the pump chamber the iloat rises with it until the upper valvemember 59 strikes the valve seats 134 135 closing ofi both the exhaustpassageway 170 and the diaphragm chamber passageway 153. As a result thesubmergence4r pressure is tran-smitted through the water outlets 130 tothe water discharge pipe 21 to diaphragm chamber 169 and to the leftside oiI the diaphragm 139 as shown in Figure 15. At the saine time, theexhaust valve 164 is closed and the admission valve 17 8 is opened.This'begins the discharge stroke. Assuming however, that the submergencepressure was insulicient to shift the exhaust and admission valves, thismay be accomplished either by the leakage of air past the seat 179 ofthe admission valve 178 which places a` small pressure upon the watercontained in the pumping chamber, which pressure is not permitted toescape out of the exhaust passageway, nor is it permitted to escape intothe diaphragm chamber 151` but instead causes the pressure of the liquidin the pump chamber to act upon diaphragms 139 and 164 closing thereliety valve 14:2 and the exhaust valve 164.- and opening the admissionvalve 178. rllhe result is reversal ot the main valve.

I have previously mentioned a. leal; which may be formed ou the seat otthe ball cheek valve 156 on the water discharge line. This may beutilized to secure reversal of the pump instead of a leak on the seat ofthe admission valve 17 8.

I have provided a. leak in the valve seat 135 as shown at 182 to permitthe floating valve 55 to be released from the valve port 133 when thewater begins to move out of the pump. As the water is driven out ot thepump, it flows out through the valve ports 130 through the chamber 131,pipe 24, through the passageway 154 past the check valve 156 and outtothe water line The pressure oi the water in this line is transmittedto the left side of the diaphragm 139 As the water as viewed in Figure15 and to the left side o't the diaphragm 164: as viewed in Figure 17,thereby holding both ot' these valves closed. Air pressure otsubstantially the same value acts uponV the opposite sides of .hosediaplnagms, but duo to thc i" act that the eii'ective area in each aseis in iavor of the water pressure the valves are closed. In the case otthe control valve 1412 the water pressure tends to force the valveagainst its annular seats 11st because the port 1115 communicates withthe exhaust passageway. '1l he result is that the valve is held to itsseat by pressure and since the pressures of water and ot air upon thetwo sides orp the diaphragm 139 are substantially equal thepreponderance is now in favor ot' holding the valve to seat. In the sameway, the exhaust valve 162 seats with pressure against the exhaust portand the pressures upon the two sides of the diaphragm are substantiallyequal with the result that during this stage ot operation the exhaustvalve is lirmly held to its seat, the admission valve being also heldopen. As soon as the level lowers to the point where the water dischargepassageways 130 are closed b y the fioat 155, a reduction in waterpressure is caused immediately due to the fact that further flow etwater is prevented and a 'further iiow ot air into the pumping chamberincreases the pressure of the same whereby the air pressure is able tomove the diaphragm 139 to the lett opening the control valve 142 quicklyand readily permitting an escape ot pressure from the water passagewaysbelow the check valve 156. This in turn causes a reduction in the waterpressure in the chamber 169 on the lett of diaphragm 164 whereby the eX-haust valve is thrown open by movement ot the diaphragm to the lett andthe admission valve 17 8 is thrown to the closed position.

The pressure of the compressed air is immediately depleted in thepumping chamber, the relief valve 42 closing. but the exhaust valveremaining' open until the filling stroke is completed. The fillingstroke brings the tloat 55 against the valve seats 13-135 therebycausing a change in pressures upon the diaphragm 16-1 through either otthe three methods reterred to or by the conjoint action of one or moreot the same, namely, by submergence, by the admission of a small amountof air by leakage, or by the return of a small amount of water byleakage as previously discussed.

It will be obvious that after the movement of a valve is once started,it will be thrown to its extreme position because of the peculiarcharacter o't the normally balanced pressures becoming unbalanced. Whenthe float closes oit the port 133, the passageways 153 and 170 areclosed off with the result that the leakage of a small amount of airplaces pressure upon the top of the water which is transmitted throughthese passage,

ways 130, chamber 131, pipe 24, to the lett of diaphragm 189 and to theleft ot diaphragm 161. Due to the provision ol spring 1-146 the reliefvalve 142 may have closed previously, but it no spring is eu'iployed,the tendency at once is to close this valve and hold the same closed andthereafter the exhaust -valve is moved to closed position and theadmission valve to open position with a snap action. rhis snap action issecured primarily because of' the lifting ot the admission valve 178 andthe consequent sudden rise in pressure in the chamber 169 on the lettside ot the diaphragm 16st.

ln the embodiment shown in Figures 20 io 29, inclusive, the head memberand toot member 186 are connected together' by an outer barrel or sleeve23 similar to the previous embodii'i'ient, but on the inside the tensionmember between said head member and toot member include a second sleeveslightly smaller than the lirst, this sleeve 187 being formed of alength of seamless tubing threaded at its upper end to a dcpending`portion 188012 the head member 1185. At its lower '0nd, the inner tube1ST is threaded toa spider member 189 which has an outer ring upon whichthe tube is threaded and an inner hub member 190 con nected by suitablearms. The hub member 190 is bored out and counter-bored to receive therelief valve 191, this valve being guided in the upper portion et thehub 190 and being adapted to make a tig-ht seat therewith. The lowerpart of the hub 190 is threaded to receive the hollow stud 192 which hasa central bore 193 leading to the outside of the pumping chamber. A nut194Y is threaded to the lower end ot the hollow stud 192 thereby holdingthe head 185 and the toot 186 upon the end o'f the barrel 23. A plungermember 195 which is provided with cup leather packing 196 and 197 ismounted to slide Freely on the end of the working barrel 1537. The spacebetween the sleeves 167 and 23 is annular in term. This annular space19tl serves as awater dischai y'e passageway from the working barrel 187as will be explained later. The guiding piston member 195 carries apoppet valve 199 cooperating with a seat 200 formed in the lower end otthe head casting, this seat controlling the exhaust valve passageway 170which has a port at this point. The valve 199 and seat 200 are centrallylocated with respect lo the bore ot the working cylinder 187. The valve199 is carried upon 'a stem 201 which stem has a head 202 permittinglost motion ot the valve with respect to the piston 195. A spring may beplaced in the pocket above the liv lll)

head 202 if desired. This play is desirable in order to permit thepiston to move down slightly betere taking the valve 199 off of the seat209 in order to insure that shitting of the main valve structure willoccur.

The lower end ot the piston 195 is provided with a central boss 203which is adapted to cooperate with the stem 204 of the relief valve 191.The relief valve. is held with the stem 2911 normally raised above theboss 190 by means of the spring 205.'

Then the piston 195 descends'to the lower end o1l its stroke it strikesthe relief valve opening the same and permitting the discharge oi' asmall quantity of water from the water passageway and connections 198which are in communication with the water discharge pipe below the checkvalve in the water disaharge main. The operation of this control valve191 permits the shitting ol the main valve structure by means oit thevalve motor, which valve structure and valve motor are similar to theconstruction shown in the previous embodiment. I have applied similarreference characters to similar parts in the showing of this embodimentso -liar as these parts are alike or substantially like thecorresponding parts in the prior embodiment, and a detailed explanationoi the same is not believed to be necessary to a proper understanding ofthe construction. It will be sufhcient to point out that the admissionof live air occursthrough the connections 122, admission valve 178,passageway 180 to a point immediately above the doublel piston structure195. riChe exhaust passageway 170 which communicates through the annularport 160 controlled by the valve 162 passes through the restricted port159 and out at the eonnet-tion 123. rl`he lower end of this exhaustpassageway 170 is adapted to be controlled by the valve 199 aspreviously intimated. The water discharge passageway 206 lies in theupper part of the head above the extension 188 and communicates with theannular space between the tw'o sleeves 18'? and 23. This waterpassageway 206 connects by way ot a cross drilled passageway with thediaphragm chamber 169 in the cap 168. This passageway betweenthe waterpassageway 206 and the diaphragm chamber 169 is shown in dotted lines at207 in Figure 27.

Both in the present form and in the form previously described I place asmall post ol metal 208 in the exhaust passageway between the exhaustvalve and the top of the plunping chamber for the purpose of providing asuitable Yfoundation for fastening the clamping screw 209 which holdsthe corresponding diaphragm cap in place.

rEhe operation oi' the present orm of the device is as `follows:

Assume that the' filling stroke of the pump as shown in Figures 2O and21 has just been completer The double piston structure 195 is at the topof the stroke and the valve 199 has closed oil' the exhaustpassageway170 by seating against the seat 200. The adm sion valve 1?'8 is at thepresent time closed and the exhaust valve 162 is open, The submergencepressure is communicated by way oi' the annular space 198 to the waterdischarge passageway 206 and this pressure is transmitter by way of thedrilled passageway 20T to the diaphragm chamber 169 where the pressureacts upon the diaphragm 164i to close the exhaust valve. and move theadmission valve to the open position.

As previously explained, l have provided a slight leak on the valve seat179 so that if the pump is not supplied with suihcient head oi water insubmergenee to operate the main valves the leakage of air past theadmission valve will ill the space above the piston 195 with air, thisair being prevented iroin escaping out the exhaust valve by the valve199 and the piston 195 begins to move downwardly. ln doing so, it inposes a pressure upon the water which is tranrauitted to the diaphragmchamber 169 and the valves are thereby shifted. Downward motion oli' thepiston 195 without opening the valve 199 can occur because of the lostmotion between the head 202 ot the valve stem 261 and the follower plate210 which is adapted to engage said head. As soon as the valve 199 isopenech pressure may enter the exhaust passageway 170,'but the exhaustvalve is closed. The piston 195 is now driven downwardly as the demandfor water permits the same to move, the water being discharged below theend of the cylinder 187 into the annular space 198 from which it movesup to the water discharge passageway 296 past the check valve. 156 andout by way of the water discharge 1)ipe il.

The water discharge check valve as previcusly explained may be'providedwith a slight leak so that the reversal may be secured by the return ofpressure past the water check valve 156 to the diaphragm chamber 169 andthe operation of the main valves by such return pressure from the watersystem.

As the piston 195 descends it nally strikes the boss 263 against thevalve stem 204 of the relielf or control valve 191. The water checkvalve 156 seats and the pressure in the passageway 198 and in thediaphragm chamber 169 is innnediately depleted by opening oi' the reliefvalve 191 while the pressure on the righthand side of the diaphragm 164,as shown in Figure 20, thereupon immediately overcomes the pressure ofthe water in the chamber 169 and moves theadmission valve 17 8 to closedposition and 'the exhaust valve 162 to open position,- previouslypointed Cil out the exhaust passageway 159 beyond the diaphragm 164; isrestricted so that upward movement of the piston 195 under the normalsubmergence pressure will tend to maintain a sufficient pressure uponthe diaphragm lesL that there will be no tendency7 to open theadn'iission valve 178 even though there is a small leakage of air pastthe same. .Vhen the piston 195 has .moved to the upper position wherethe valve 199 closes off the port 2Go., then the submergence pressureor' the leal-.Tage of water past the check valve or the leak?i of airpast the admission valve will pl ce pressure pon the water disl chargepipo below the check valve 156 and will cause reversal of the main airvalve mechanism.

ln the present embinlimenf. the piston 195 becomes the motor for thecontrol valve 191 and is at the same fime the level controlled devicewhicn governs the operation of the control valve 191 and of the shut-offvalve 199 at the uppeil end of the stroke. In other words. the pistonstructure 195 assumes the dual Afunction `of a level cont-rolled deviceand of a motor 'for operating the lower corr trol valve 191. ln each ofthese pumps.y the movement of water is fairly rapid and the inertia issufiicient to draw water into the pump before exhaust occurs. ln asimilar manner, the inertia of the water on filling is sufficient toshift the exhaust valve to closed position and the admission valve toopen position.

The admission valve is not an absolute necessity. it will be observedfrom the foregoingl description that its purpose is largely te preventwaste of air and to prevent interference with the filling stroke. Aconstantly open amnission port could be employed particularly on openpumping. it is advisable to use either a restricted inlet port or somonu s for temjlrorarily shutting ofi' the inflow of compressed air duringthe filling stroke in order to save air.

The water relief valve which controls the uilbalancing of pressures onthe main valvc motor may lfe omitted and a consta utly open relief portprovided particularl yv on open pumping work. The relief valve shown inFigure 21 may if employed be varied in construction to close withinternal pressure if desired as is shown in Figure 9.. It may also bemounted in the head of the pump if desired.

wish to call attention to a peculiar action which occurs in the pumpshown in Fig-4 ures 15 and 1G upon venting the relief valve into theexhaust passageway. /Vheu the relief valve- 142 is opened, water isfirst discharged through passageways 15T-158 into the passageway 159.

restricted exhaust Thereafter the exhaust valve is opened and air atrelatively high pressure is driven from the restricted passageway 159through the passageways 15S-15T through the por'L of the relief valvealong` the fluted stem 1?! into the water discharge passageway 15d helowhe check valve 15G below which it lodges. Upon the next stroke, it 1sforced air. The small amount sent over at eachl stroke is notobjectionable as it is driven out of' the faucets as fast as accumulatedsince no accumulation occurs while the faucets are closed.

lt will he observed that cach form o l pump waitsl the filling of thecylinder before thc discharge st-rokecan he iuade lLikewise in each pumpno hlowovcr of air can occur.

lY do not intend to be limited to the precise details of constructionshown and described and l ma)v variv thc embodiment very considerablywifhin the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. In pump7 a pump chamber7 liquid valves for the pump chamber, a sourceof motive fluid, a main valve mechanism for the admission and exhaust ofthe motive fluid, a main motor member for the main valve mechanism, saidmotor member being subjected on one side to pressure of the liquid whichis being discharged from the pump, and on the other side to the pressureof motive fluid employed to expel the liquid from the pump valve7 and arelief valve having a motor member independent of said first motormember operated when the pump has completed the discharge stroke fordepleting the pressure upon the liquid side of said main motor member topermit said main motor member to shift the main valve mechanism.

2. In a pump, ay pump chamber. liquid valves for the pump chamber, asource of motive Huid, a main valve mechanism for the admission andexhaust of the motive fluid. a main motor member for the main valvenuchanism. said motor member being subjected on one side to pressure of'the liquid which is being discharged from flu` pump and on the otherside to the pressure of motive Huid employed to expel the liquid fromthe pump. a relief valve operated when the pump has completed thedischarge stroke for depleting` the pressure upon the liuuid side ofsaid main motor member to permit said main motor member to shift themain valve mechanism. a motor member for the relief valve.y and a membermovable with the liquid level in the pun'ipingchamber for controllingthe operation of said relief valve motor member.

3. In a pump, a pumping chamber having liquid inlet and dischargevalves, means Jfor suppling motive Huid to the pump, an exhaustpassageway having a port, an exhaust valve seating with pressure uponsaideX- haust port and adapted to he applied to seat when the pumpchamber is filled with water, a valve motor member for operating theexhaust valve, said member communicating` on one side with the liquidbeing discharged from the pump, and on the other side with the mot-ive.fiuid in the pumpingv chamber, and means controlled by the liquid levelfor closing` oili the connection between the latter side olf saiddiaphragm and the pumping cluunher, a relier valve for said valve motormember and a balanced pressure motor member adapted to be imbalanced byclosure of said connection to cause operation of the relieif valve.

4. In combination, a puniping' chamber, main valve mechanism `for motivefluid, :motor therefor, t aid motor having a piston 'member subject toopposed 'Huid pressures duringl the discharge voil liquid 'from thepump, a relief valve controlling the pressure upon said piston member, amotor for the relief valve, and means movable with the level of thewater in the pumping chamber for causing the operation of the reliefvalve motor, said relief valve causing a reduction of pressure upon oneside of the piston member of the first .valve motor to cause it toshi-ft the main valve mechanism.

In combination, pumping' chamber, means ttor supplying motive Huidthereto, an exhaust passageway, an exhaust valve emu-rollin said passageway, and a. level controlled member Vfor closing ed said passagewavupon high level. coi'iditions in the pumping' chamber before the exhaustvalve is closed, and an admission passageway to said chamberindependent. of said ehai'ist passageway.

(i. ln conibiuatioun ay pumping' chamber leavingf a main valve mechanism'for motive fluid inclmliugY an exhaust valve` liquid intalio anddischarge valves` an exhaust outlet passafwwav toutrolled by saidexl'laust valve, and a hi gh. level control valve 'for closing; oil1said exhaust passageway independelltlv ol the exhaust valve, and anadmission passageway independent of said exhaust passageway 'toradmitting` fluid presi u'e after said high level valve has closed olisaid exhaust passageway.

7. In Combination, a pun'ipinp; chamber having a main valve mechanismFor motive lluid including an'exhaust valve, liquid intali'e anddischarge valves, an exhaust outlet passageway controlled by saidexhaust valve, and a high level control valve tor closing oil saidexhaust passageway. independeutly oli the exhaust valve, andmeanscomprising a fluid pressure motor communicating' with the interior of'the chamber `for closing' `the exhaust valve after said high levelcontrol valve has operated to close the :dienst passageway.

il. ln con'ibination, pumping' chamber' having; main valve mechanisml'for motive liuid including` an exhaust valve, liquid in- ''al-e anddischarge valvesan exhaust .outlet passageway controlled hy said exhaustvalve, and a high level control valve for closing' oli said e-:haustpassageway independentlyoic the exhaust valve, and independent means forapplyiugij pressure to the liquid in the puuuiing;` chamber while saidhigh level. control valve clos: said exhaust passageway.

9. ln combination, a puinpiujr chan'iber having' a water dischargepassageway, a chechY valve ior the upper oud oi said pas sarreway, anair exhaust f iassageuuiy, a diaphrag'm forming; a -wall couuuon to theair euhaust passageway and the water discharge passageway@ au exhaustvalve controlling' the erhaust passageway bevond said diaphragm, saidvalve heine' secured to said diaphragm, and means for shutting` ol' theexhaust passageway high level in the pumping chamber for causing' thediaiihrag'm to close the exhaust valve and for shuttii'ip; oil the waterdischarge passageway at low level to cause the diaphragm to open theexhaust valve.

l0. ln combination, a pump-ine` chamber having; a water discharflepassageway, a cliecl valve for the upper end olr saidpassagrewav, an airexhaust passageway, a diaphragm forming' a wall common to the airexhaust passageway and the water discharge passageway, an exhaust valvecontrolling` the evhaust passageway bevond said diaplufaeiu, said valvebeing); secured Vto said' ,fliaphrapgn'n and means 'for shutting of? theexhaust passaoowav at high level in the pumping); chamber 'for causing;the diz,.- phragm to close the exhaust valve and vFor shutting' thewater discharge pass way at low level to cause the diaplu'a c open theexhaust valve, and areliei" valve operating' to reduce the pressure ofthe 'atei' in the water discharge passageway upon the attainment ot' lowlevel conditions in the pumping chamber.

ll. ln combination, a pumping' chamber, means for admitting' motive.Fluid to the pumping' chamber.y a water discharge passagrewayv opening'into the lower end o'lE the pumping chamber` said passageway havino;check valve at the upper end of the Chaniber, an air ethaust pa sanjewayhai-'ing au exhaust valve coulrollnoIVM the ,ame a diaphragmcommunicating on one side withthe exhaust passageway below said exhaustvalve. and communicating on the other

